Beyond Mechanics: An Actor–Network Perspective on Narrative Design in Indie Video Games

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51698/tripodos.2026.59.02

Keywords:

Games Studies, Video Game, Narrative Design, Actor-Network Theory

Abstract

Video-game stories are rarely written just once; they grow through ongoing conversations among people, tools, and market forces. This article, guided by Actor-Network Theory (ANT), examines narrative design in small and indie studios as a dynamic socio-technical network rather than a single-author craft. Drawing on more than 400 quotations from practitioners, six semi-structured interviews, and expert sources such as GDC talks, we identify thirteen recurring “actors” and visualize the strength of their connections. Four relationships prove especially influential: Story ↔ Player, Genre, Technology, and Budget/Production plan. Our analysis shows how imagined players steer plot pacing, how genre conventions stabilize early ideas while shaping expectations, how engines and toolchains open new possibilities yet impose unseen limits, and how financial constraints can compress or redirect branching storylines. The study pushes discussion beyond mechanics, demonstrating that video-game narratives emerge from a rich interplay of creative, technical, and commercial forces rather than gameplay systems alone.

______________________

Las historias de los videojuegos rara vez se escriben una sola vez; crecen mediante conversaciones continuas entre personas, herramientas y fuerzas de mercado. Este artículo, guiado por la Teoría del Actor-Red (ANT), examina el diseño narrativo en estudios pequeños e independientes como una red sociotécnica dinámica, en lugar de un proceso de autoría individual. A partir de más de 400 citas de profesionales, seis entrevistas semiestructuradas y fuentes expertas como charlas de la GDC, identificamos trece “actores” recurrentes y visualizamos la intensidad de sus conexiones. Cuatro relaciones resultan especialmente influyentes: Historia ↔ Jugador, Género, Tecnología y Presupuesto/Plan de producción. Nuestro análisis muestra cómo los jugadores imaginados orientan el ritmo de la trama; cómo las convenciones de género estabilizan ideas iniciales a la vez que moldean expectativas; cómo los motores y las cadenas de herramientas abren nuevas posibilidades pero imponen límites invisibles; y cómo las restricciones financieras pueden comprimir o redirigir tramas ramificadas. El estudio lleva el debate más allá de las mecánicas, demostrando que las narrativas de los videojuegos emergen de una rica interacción de fuerzas creativas, técnicas y comerciales, y no solo de los sistemas de juego.

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Author Biographies

Safak Topcu, Özyeğin University

PhD Candidate in Design, Technology and Society, focusing on Narrative Structures and Video Games – Özyeğin University

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/topcus/

Biography

Şafak Topçu received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in computer engineering from Istanbul Technical University. He has worked in several small indie game studios, gaining hands-on experience in game development. In addition to industry work, he held research assistant positions at MEF University and the Turkish German University. He is currently pursuing his PhD at Özyeğin University, where he conducts research on narrative in video games under the supervision of Metin Çavuş.

Research Areas

Narrative Structures, Videogames, Narrative in Videogames, Storytelling in Interactive Media, Philosophy

Metin Çavuş, Özyeğin University

Assistant Professor, Chair, Department of Communication Design, Documentary Cinema, Narrative Structures – Özyeğin University

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/metincavus/

Biography

Metin Çavuş studied engineering at İstanbul Technical University (bachelor), and art and design at Yıldız Technical University (master and PhD). He has been a faculty at Özyeğin University, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Department of Communication Design since 2014, teaching cinema and photography. Çavuş is a documentary filmmaker. His documentary film Kutluğ Ataman (2011) was screened at international film festivals and prestigious art galleries and was released as a DVD. His photo book on İstanbul city walls, Sublime and Secluded, was published in 2019. Çavuş has been collaborating with international contemporary artists as a member of their creative teams. These artworks were exhibited at several prominent art institutions and exhibitions such as Tate Britain, SFMOMA and Venice Architecture Biennial. His areas of specialty are theory, history, and social aspect of cinema (both fiction and documentary) and photography; narrative structures of time-based media such as film and video games.

Research Areas

Documentary Cinema, Narrative Structures, History and Ideology of Image Production

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Published

26-01-2026

How to Cite

Topcu, S., & Çavuş, M. (2026). Beyond Mechanics: An Actor–Network Perspective on Narrative Design in Indie Video Games. Tripodos, (59), 31–50. https://doi.org/10.51698/tripodos.2026.59.02

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