Deliberation and Conversation between Political Elites and Social Media Users during Guadalajara’s Election: a Political Communication Systems Approach
Abstract
Social media has been considered a set of technologies that have the potential for transforming politics. In particular, these communication technologies could be a powerful civic tool to build bridges between political elites and citizens in contemporary democracies. However, to date, there has been no clear evidence that the use of social media has helped in creating these bridges. Thus, this paper concentrates on studying political communication between political elites and Internet users through Facebook and Twitter, in the context of a Mexican electoral campaign in Guadalajara City. This study proposes a political communication systems model as a theoretical framework for studying political communication and social media. This model suggests definitions for the concepts of political communication, political deliberation, and political conversation. Throughout three months of political campaigns, online observation and textual analysis were employed in studying political communication between political elites and Internet users within the framework of a local midterm electoral campaign. The results show three essential elements: (1) political deliberations and conversations were not general practices; (2) the power to control political communication was concentrated in the candidates’ political campaigns; (3) nevertheless, there were several examples of political interactions between political elites and social media users during the political campaigns. Els mitjans de comunicació digitals han estat considerats com a tecnologies amb el potencial per transformar el món polític —especialment per construir ponts de comunicació entre elits i ciutadans en les democràcies contemporànies—. No obstant això, fins al moment actual no hi ha hagut cap evidència contundent que provi que aquestes tecnologies s’hagin emprat extensivament per construir aquests ponts, de tal manera que aquest article està enfocat en l’estudi de les relacions comunicatives entre elits polítiques i usuaris de Facebook y Twitter, en el context de les eleccions municipals de Guadalajara (Mèxic) i ofereix un model de sistemes de comunicació política, com a marc teòric per estudiar la comunicació i els mitjans digitals. Aquest model suggereix definicions per als conceptes de comunicació política, deliberació política i conversa política. Pel que fa a la metodologia, l’estudies basa en l’observació del desenvolupament de les campanyes a internet, així com en una anàlisi textual de les publicacions que candidats i usuaris van realitzar a Facebook i Twitter. La investigació ha mostrat tres resultats fonamentals: (1) la deliberació i conversa política no van ser una pràctica comunicativa generalitzada; (2) el poder per controlar la comunicació política va estar concentrat en els candidats; (3) no obstant als punts anteriors, va ser possible trobar i estudiar diversos episodis d’interacció política entre candidats i usuaris de xarxes socials.Downloads
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